Understanding Tooth Grinding (Bruxism) – Causes, Risks & Treatment
17/10/2025
Have you ever been told you grind your teeth at night? Or maybe you’ve noticed your child clenching their jaw during the day? This habit is known as bruxism, and while it’s common, it can cause significant damage if left untreated.
What is Bruxism?
Bruxism is the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, often during sleep, though some people do it when concentrating or under stress. Many people are unaware they grind until a dentist notices signs of wear—or until pain develops.
Causes of Bruxism
Bruxism can be linked to several factors, including:
- Stress and anxiety – emotional tension is a leading cause.
- Sleep disorders – such as sleep apnoea.
- Bite or alignment problems – where teeth don’t meet evenly.
- Medications – certain antidepressants and stimulants can increase the risk.
- Lifestyle factors – caffeine, alcohol, or recreational drugs may make grinding worse.
Signs and Symptoms
- Worn, flattened, or chipped teeth
- Tooth sensitivity
- Jaw pain or stiffness, especially in the morning
- Headaches, often around the temples
- Disturbed sleep (your partner may hear grinding sounds)
- Enlarged jaw muscles (in severe cases)
Risks if Left Untreated
If bruxism is not managed, it can lead to:
- Tooth wear and fractures – thinning enamel, broken fillings, or cracked teeth.
- Tooth loss – in severe cases.
- Jaw joint (TMJ) problems – pain, clicking, or restricted movement.
- Facial pain and headaches – ongoing discomfort affecting daily life.
- Costly dental treatment – such as crowns, root canals, or even implants if teeth are lost.
Treatment Options
The good news is bruxism can be managed. Treatment depends on the cause and severity:
Nightguards (Occlusal Splints)
- Custom-made by your dentist to fit over your teeth.
- Protect teeth from further wear and reduce jaw strain.
Stress Management
Dental Treatment
- If tooth wear is severe, your dentist may restore teeth with fillings, crowns, or bonding.
Lifestyle Changes
- Cutting back on caffeine and alcohol.
- Avoiding chewing gum (which encourages clenching).
Medical Support
- In some cases, medications or referral to a sleep specialist may be advised.
- Botox injections are sometimes used to relax overactive jaw muscles.
Bruxism is a common habit, but it should never be ignored. If you or your child grind your teeth, speak to your dentist. Early intervention can protect your teeth, ease pain, and prevent long-term damage.
A small step, like wearing a custom nightguard, could save your smile for years to come.
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